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　　一道考whereas 和once，逻辑主语的问题。

　　我选的E 只有once的那个选项。

　　考点：

　　1.逻辑主语：语法君脑补题目可能是这样的：Whereas/Once..........., 主语.........,..........这个时候就要看那个主语是不是Whereas/once的主语。关于逻辑主语的其他考法请看相关练习的第二题

　　如prep1-54 In cooking, small quantities of spices are used, whereas in medicinal usage spices are taken in large quantities in order to treat particular maladies.

　　补充说明：

　　1.Whereas 前后句子之结构要求并列相对。whereas连接的平行比较只要求对比的核心逻辑上有对称关系，不要求对称位置必须是对称名词，下面句子中主从句的主语分别是energy和nuclear power并不是对称名词，但是对比的核心都是“核能发电占总产出能量的份额”：

　　如OG12-131 Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from nuclear power, whereas nuclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.

　　相关练习：

　　1.来自OG12-136：与whereas有关

　　Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.

　　A. Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes

　　B. Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals in parallel lines, birds have tubes that

　　C. Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, birds’ tubes

　　D. Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, the tubes in birds (A)

　　E. Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes

　　Idiom; Rhetorical construction; Parallelism

　　Whereas introduces two contrasting situations or events and should be followed by parallel structures. In this sentence, whereas is immediately followed by a clause beginning with the prepositional phrase in mammals; this means that the second part of the sentence must also be a clause that opens with a preposition that functions in the same way—in this case, in birds. This structure clarifies that the things being contrasted are the tubes in mammals and the tubes in birds. Incorrect versions of the sentence grammatically contrast tubes and birds, mammals and tubes, or birds and mammals.

　　A Correct. Parallel structures make clear that the tubes in mammals are being contrasted with the tubes in birds.

　　B The faulty parallelism results in a sentence that is confusing and unnecessarily wordy.

　　C The sentence compares mammals and birds’ ubes.

　　D Because of faulty parallelism, this sentence also compares mammals and tubes in birds.

　　E This structure is wordy and confusing because of faulty parallelism.

　　Th e correct answer is A.

　　2. 来自新prep-173 逻辑主语

　　Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus the high costs and low ethics of campaign finance, but they have generally overlooked the cost of actually administering elections, which includes facilities, transport, printing, staffing, and technology.

　　A. Analyzing campaign expenditures, the media has had as a focus

　　B. Analyses of campaign expenditures by the media has been focused on

　　C. In analyzing campaign expenditures, the media have focused on

　　D. Media analyses of campaign expenditures have had as a focus (C)

　　E. In their analysis of campaign expenditures, the media has been focusing on

　　题目释义：In analyzing.., the media have focused on …., but they have overlooked….

　　句子主语，the media 是复数形式，谓语动词focus的完成时态，接but引导的转折句，主语they，指代the media，谓语overlook的完成时态。But的前后形式一致，平行对称。

　　考点：

　　主谓一致，简洁有效

　　1. Media在GMAT中不做集合名词，而是medium的复数，故谓语动词需用复数。

　　2. 现在分词在句首，其逻辑主语应该和后面的主句主语一致。

　　3. 注意大平行。

　　选项分析:

　　(A) media是复数形式，原型是medium，has主谓不一致错误;has had sth. as a focus(sth.在此因为过长而后置)表达wordy,可以直接使用focus的动词形式

　　(B) analyses谓语动词应该是复数形式，has使用错误;they指代analyses，而analyses是否可以focus和overlook，仍需等待GMAT进一步阐明家规(详细见题后类似题链接)

　　(C) Correct;从形合的角度来看，focus和overlook都是主动名词前后对应，而have则是表明特性，所以用focus更为合适;(in) analyzing现在分词与主句用现在完成时并不矛盾。

　　(D) has had sth. as a focus(sth.在此因为过长而后置)表达wordy，可以直接使用focus的动词形式;they指代analyses，而analyses是否可以focus和overlook，仍需等待GMAT进一步阐明家规(详细见题后类似题链接)

　　(E) media是复数形式，原型是medium，has使用错误，主谓不一致;has been focusing on，没有必要使用完成进行时，它不是一段时间内持续进行的事儿，题目中没有相关的时态标志词，且根据but前后时态对称也应该用现在完成时

　　补充说明

　　1. The media = all the organizations, such as television, radio, and newspapers, that provide news and information for the public, or the people who do this work

　　2. windmaple: Speaking of plurals, [index] 's is definitely an outlier

　　做目录的时候是indexes, 做下标的时候是indices。

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