2015年3月16日是最新一次GMAT换库时间。为此，新东方网GMAT频道第一时间为各位考生整理了2015年3/4月GMAT机经(语法1)，供考生们参考使用，希望对各位备考能有帮助。

　　想让GMAT4月机经来得更猛烈些？请戳>>2015年3/4月GMAT机经汇总（语法）

　　1. 语法的话考平行结构太多了，这个要看好，未划线的更要看，就靠没有划线的部分来混淆你呢。

　　【分析】那就来个平行结构大总结吧~!(来自曼哈顿)

　　(一) 平行结构标志词

　　前后连接的A和B必须词性相同，结构一致，甚至“数”一致。

　　(二) 平行元素

　　1) 有时候be, can, to…会被省略掉，(省略仅仅针对非从句而言)

　　The division WAS opening offices, hiring staff, AND investing in equipment.

　　The railroad CAN EITHER lose more money OR solve its problems.

　　They wanted TO increase awareness, spark interest, AND motivate purchases.

　　2) 两个从句平行，为了避开歧意必须都要用引导词引导

　　Wrong: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND I pay low taxes.

　　Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pay low taxes.

　　3) 同时引导词也可以不一样

　　There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not.

　　4) 但是“引导词”前面的词不可以省略 (即平行成分不可或缺，检验办法：去掉没有问题的平行成分链接到谓语来检查是否ambiguity)

　　Wrong: Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND WHO are not.


　　Right: Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not.

　　此句中“those”不能省略，但是“popular”可以省略。

　　(三) AND

　　1) 通常逗号原则

　　A and B/A ,B，and C/A,B,C,and D

　　2) 特殊逗号原则

　　当连接两个元素是长的独立句子时候，会用A，and B

　　I really like candy apples, AND I eat them often.

　　3) 分层并列——无论并列的元素有多少，同一个并列连词连接的必须结构相似，词性相同。可以在一个句子同时用不同的并列连词，表示不同的层次。

　　She argues THAT the agency acts WITH reckless abandon AND WITH disregard for human life AND property. AND THAT it should therefore be shut down.

　　(四) 常用的并列习语

　　(五) 句子里的动词不一定都平行，很有可能是动词的-ing或者-ed形势，表示伴随。逻辑上必须也要平行。

　　Sal applied himself in his new job, arriving early every day, skipping lunch regularly, AND leaving late every night.

　　(六) 系动词两边的成分要并列：表达的是“主语是什么/主语在什么情况下”

　　即系动词表示的是两边的东西必须是同质的，如下例，名词对名词，而不能对应动名词。

　　Wrong: The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.

　　Right: The bouquet of flowers WAS a gift of love.

　　不但词性要相同，词义也要相应。下例中，提名代表了前进的一步，抽象内容对抽象内容，而政治家则不能代表向前的一步。

　　Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.

　　Right: The nomination of this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban- rural relations in this country.

　　系动词：

　　(七) 平行高阶

　　1.名词有两种形式：实体名词(时间、地点、人、事件)，动作名词(eruption, pollution, change, growth等)，二者不能平行

　　2.动名词：简单动名词，(动名词+名词)

　　Tracking satellites accurately is important for the space agency.

　　复杂动名词(含有修饰成分，经常是前面加一个冠词a/an/the+of的介宾短语)

　　The accurate tracking of satellites is important for the space agency.

　　简单动名词不能和复杂动名词平行。且只有复杂动名词才能与动作名词平行。

　　Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, raising the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.

　　Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions, significant reductions in overall troop levels, THE raising OF the rebel flag on holidays, AND a general pardon.

　　其中withdrawal, reductions, pardon都是动作名词，而the raising of是复杂名词。

　　The accurate tracking of satellites -复杂动名词; tracking satellites -简单动名词

　　在所有的动名词中，永远选择复杂动名词(通常带OF)而不是简单动名词。

　　Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND releasing certain political prisoners.

　　Wrong: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE releasing OF certain political prisoners.

　　Right: The rebels demanded the withdrawal of government forces from disputed regions AND THE RELEASE OF certain political prisoners.

　　3.如果一个动词有具体的名词形式，就不要用动名词，如extract就有名词extraction

　　4.不定式平行，若有3个及以上元素，是否省略To看前一个

　　It is critical to suspend activities, notify investors, AND say not

　　【例题】

　　OG13. 37. Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.

　　(A) 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become

　　(B) 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become

　　(C) 22 and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being

　　(D) 22, injured three times, and was discharged in1783 because she was

　　(E) 22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being

　　解析：

　　考点

　　平行结构; 逻辑含义

　　1. 过去时用于描述过去发生的事件，过去完成时用于描述过去某一时点或时间之前发生并完成的事件。过去完成时的使用首先要有明确的时间点进行提示，第二要合理的体现出"已经完成"的含义。

　　2. 当并列的短语中都包含is/was/were时，只有当其表示相同意义，即都为be动词或助动词时，才可省略。

　　选项分析

　　(A) Correct; 需要找一个joined..., was injured..., and was discharged...的平行结构，只有此选项符合要求; 使用过去完成时表明了she become too ill to serve是发生在was discharged in 1783之前; she become too ill to serve就是仅修饰最后半个句子, 所以作者在这里特意用逗号把后半个句子和前面区分开为了避免歧义，because状从修饰的只是最后的动作，所以放在最后。

　　(B) while从句的事情与主句时间不是发生在同一时间，使用while时间状语错误，同时破坏句子平行结构; being使用多余，while being构成了被动语态的过去进行时态，这个动作应该是一个过去式动词。

　　(C) 第一个and多余，应改为逗号;discharge应该使用被动语态;being现在分词作状语修饰discharged表伴随结果，逻辑不合理。

　　(D) 动词并列，injured应该用被动，前要补出was才能与joined和was discharged并列;because she was中用了一般过去时也是可以的。

　　(E) 用了having been injured…and discharged做前面主句的伴随状语，表明be injured and discharged发生在joined之前，逻辑错误;and前面没有逗号隔开使得in 1783的修饰对象改变，原文是在1783年退役，现在是被伤了3次及退役都发生在1783，同时being修饰的对象把be injured也包括了进去。

　　想让GMAT4月机经来得更猛烈些？请戳>>2015年3/4月GMAT机经汇总（语法）

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