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　　4. 有一种xx have skills that are comparabe a conplex and ...(adj) organization to those of the 猩猩, serving access to...

　　选项有, that of 猩猩, those of 猩猩, 直接猩猩, 有猩猩, which 或者是猩猩, serving

　　【分析】考察代词的使用和主谓一致(或是修饰语的使用)。

　　V-ing(present participle)修饰：

　　V-ing结构在句子中可以做定语、状语。

　　(1) 放在句子末尾时(逗号隔开)，如果前面是主谓宾结构，如果同时时态上与主句搭配合理，V-ing结构作状语，作为：

　　① 伴随动作，表与主句动词同时发生的动作。

　　② 伴随结果，表主句动作带来的结果。此时注意其逻辑主语的判断：其所修饰分句的动作发出者。

　　(2) 如果前面是主系表结构(逗号隔开)，由于系动词是一个状态不存在“被伴随”，但是V-ing结构依然修饰的是整个主系表结构，所以后面的V-ing结构也可以被解读为修饰前面的名词成分—主语(如果宾语是名词，也一同修饰，因为主系表结构中主语和宾语所指是同一事物--见OG10-39, OG11-24中对正确选项C的解释)。

　　例：OG10-39 For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

　　A. a method to protect

　　B. as a method protecting

　　C. protecting

　　D. as a protection of

　　E. to protect

　　OG10-39 的解释(注意 C 选项的解释)：

　　Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did. Choices A and B awkwardly use the singular word method to refer to items of military equipment rather than to the use of such items. Also, a method of protecting would be more idiomatic than a method to protect in A or a method protecting in B. In B and D, as is incorrect; also, a protection in D has no noun for which it can logically substitute. Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.

　　OG11-24 的解释(注意 C 和 E 选项的解释)：

　　Logical predication + rhetorical construction

　　The underlined part of the sentence begins a phrase describing items of military equipment. It is awkward and inaccurate to describe items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates a modifying phrase that clearly explains the purpose of the items of military equipment.

　　A A method to protect is an awkward reference to items

　　B The singular a method should not refer to the plural items, as a method protecting is not idiomatic

　　C Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.

　　D Beginning the phrase with as is incorrect; using the noun form protection creates wordiness

　　E The infinitive to protect cannot act as an adjective modifying items; the participial form of the verb, protecting, is required

　　The correct answer is C.