1.(Z)Editorial:
An arrest made by a Midville police officer is provisional until the officer has taken the suspect to the police station and the watch commander has officially approved the arrest. Such approval is denied if the commander judges that the evidence on which the provisional arrest is based is insufficient. A government efficiency expert has found that almost all provisional arrests meet standards for adequacy of evidence that watch commanders enforce. The expert therefore recommends that the watch commander’s approval should no longer be required since the officers’ time spent obtaining approval is largely wasted. This recommendation should be rejected as dangerous, however, since there is no assurance that the watch commanders’ standards will continue to be observed once approval is no longer required.
In the editorial, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A.The first is a recommendation made by the editorial; the second acknowledges a potential objection against that recommendation.
B.The first is a proposal against which the editorial is directed; the second is a judgment reached by the editorial concerning that proposal.
C.The first provides evidence in support of a recommendation that the editorial supports; the second is the conclusion reached by the editorial.
D.The first is a position that the editorial challenges; the second is a judgment that was made in support of that challenged position.
E.The first is a recommendation that the editorial questions; the second provides evidence against that recommendation.
2.(Z)Several of a certain bank’s top executives have recently been purchasing shares in their own bank. This activity has occasioned some surprise, since it is widely believed that the bank, carrying a large number of bad loans, is on the brink of collapse. Since the executives are well placed to know their bank’s true condition, it might seem that their share purchases show that the danger of collapse is exaggerated. However, the available information about the bank’s condition is from reliable and informed sources, and corporate executives do sometimes buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to calm worries about their company’s condition. On balance, therefore, it is likely that the executives of the bank are following this example.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A.The first describes the circumstance the explanation of which is the issue that the argument addresses; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
B.The first describes the circumstance the explanation of which is the issue the argument addresses; the second states a conclusion that is drawn in order to support the main conclusion of the argument.
C.The first provides evidence to defend the position that the argument seeks to establish against opposing positions; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.
D.The first provides evidence to support the position that the argument seeks to establish; the second states a conclusion that is drawn in order to support the argument’s main conclusion.
E.Each provides evidence to support the position that the argument seeks to establish.
正确答案：B A
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