1. The population of elephant seals, reduced by hunting to perhaps a few dozen animals early in this century, has soared under federal protection during the last few decades. However, because the species repopulated itself through extensive inbreeding, it now exhibits a genetic uniformity that is almost unparalleled in other species of mammals, and thus it is in far greater danger of becoming extinct than are most other species.
Given the information in the passage above, which of the following is most likely the reason that other species of mammals are less likely than elephant seals to become extinct?
(A) Other species of mammals have large populations, so the loss of a few members of the species is not significant.
(B) Other species of mammals have increased their knowledge of dangers though the experience of generation after generation of animals.
(C) In other species of mammals, hunters can readily distinguish between males and females or between young animals and adults.
(D) In other species of mammals, some members of the species are genetically better equipped to withstand a disease or event that destroys other members of the species.
(E) Other species of mammals have retained habits of caution and alertness because they have not been protected as endangered species.
2. Defense department analysts worry that the ability of the United States to wage a prolonged war would be seriously endangered if the machine-tool manufacturing base shrinks further. Before the Defense Department publicly connected this security issue with the import quota issue, however, the machine-tool industry raised the national security issue in its petition for import quotas.
Which of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the machine-tool industry’s raising the issue above regarding national security?
A. When the aircraft industries retooled, they provided a large amount of work for too builders.
B. The Defense Department is only marginally concerned with the effects of foreign competition on the machine-tool industry.
C. The machine-tool industry encountered difficulty in obtaining governmental protection against imports on grounds other than defense.
D. A few weapons important for defense consist of parts that do not require extensive machining.
E. Several federal government programs have been designed which will enable domestic machine-tool manufacturing firms to compete successfully with foreign toolmakers.
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