了解过GMAT考试的同学都知道,Verbal部分总共有41道题,语法(sentence correction)题型就有16-19道题目,同学们在震惊于这大的题目比重的同时,又发出了“WTF,我语法好弱”惨叫声
对于这样的同学,老师通常会弱弱的回一句“没关系,有我呢 “
根据我的年纪大家的年纪来判断应该从小学就开始接触英语吧, 从初中开始就正式接触语法内容了,掐指一算至少 6年了,you see? 我们接触语法的时间都有两个代沟之久了呢,所以,同学们以后不要再说自己是语法小白啦。
来,现在老师帮大家找一下你做不对语法题目的真正原因到底是什么,然后对症下药。
今天主要帮助大家检查一下做题方法方面的问题。首先,老师问大家一个问题:你的做题步骤是什么,或者说你的做题思路是什么?
下面老师给大家提供一个做题方法,同学们可以和自己的方法进行对比。
找不同大家都玩过吧?那我们找不同的步骤是什么呢?
首先,是不是要看看图里面有什么内容,然后在找到图中的主体,通过对比主体内容找道不同之处。我们语法题目的做题步骤是和找不同一样一样的:首先我们要先看题目给了我们什么信息,也就是读句意;然后,找到句子的主干,也就是主谓宾;最后,通过对比选项,找到差异(考点),排除有错误的选项。
很多同学会质疑,为什么非要找到主干?可不可以读完题目直接对比选项呢?
为了解答这些同学的疑问,现在老师给大家举个例子:
给大家30秒的时间读完下面句子然后告诉老师句子的意思是什么?
Perhapsthe fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size thatcould be collected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smallerphytoplankton that we now know grazer are most likely to feed on, led to ade-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
时间到~
很多同学是不是句子都没有读完?即使句子读完了,读完最后一个词也忘记第一词在说什么?脑子里是一坨?
下面老师把句子主干给大家提取出来:The fact led to a de-emphasis.
其实这么长的句子就表达了这样一个意思:这个事实导致某件事情不重要了。
了解了句子的核心意思,然后在把剩下的修饰加进去
Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazer are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
粗体部分就是刚刚提取的主干内:这个事实导致某个内容不重要了
红色部分是对the fact 的进一步解释说明:很多的初次研究仅仅考虑到海藻大小的问题
斜体部分是对size进行修饰:仅仅可以被网收集的大小
绿色部分插入语(同位语)是对前面的整个行为进行解释:这个行为那些食草动物非常喜欢吃的浮游生物
老师给大家划分析清楚了句子的各个成分之后,再给大家40秒的时间重新看这个句子:
是不是理解起来相对容易了很多?
第一步如何读句子的问题已经帮助大家解决,现在我们解决第二步,这么长的句子,如何才能找到主干呢?
一个句子的构成无外乎两个部分:主干(主谓宾)+修饰。所以,我们只要把修饰去掉剩下的就是主干成分。
我们仍然用上面这个句子为例:
Perhapsthe fact that many of these first studies considered onlyalgae of a size that could becollected in a net, a practice thatoverlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazer are most likely tofeed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.
当我们看到从句的时候,这个从句从哪里开始到哪里结束找到并去掉,看到名词短语修饰,插入语修饰或者任何修饰性成分去掉,剩下的就是主干部分。根据这个方法论,大家可以在拿刚刚这个句子练习一下,看是否可以得到和之前同样的结果。
第三步,就是要对比选项了,同样老师通过下面这道题目告诉大家如何对比选项。
Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during thereign of Vespasian, was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.
A.which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian,
B.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater,begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
C.which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
D.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian it
E.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater,which was begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
题目分析:
Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, was completed a decade later, during the reign of Titus, who opened the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.
通过分析句子结构发现,粗体部分是主干内容。很明显原句中出现了两个谓语动词而且没有连词,排除掉。
A.which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian,
B.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
我们通过对比选项发现AB的区别在于红色部分:
第一点:A 的which从句修饰和B的known 过去分词修饰,这两种修饰都对,所以我们不能通过这一点来排除选项;
第二点:A中的began 变成了B中的begun, 大家都知道过去分词不能做谓语;
第三点:A中划线句子的末尾部分没有and, 而B中出现了and ;
根据这些区别我们发现,B末尾部分的and 后面的was completed 在前面找不到对应的动词与之平行,所以B选项是不是也可以排除掉了。
C.which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian,and
现在对比BC,区别同样在于which was部分
第一点:C 的which从句修饰和B的known 过去分词修饰,这两种修饰都对,所以我们不能通过这一点来排除选项,我们刚刚说过;
第二点:B中的begun 变成了C中的began,是不是可以做动词了;
这时候我们发现began 和was completed平行做句子的谓语动词,所以C需要暂时保留
D.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater and begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian it
对比CD区别同样在于which was部分
第一点:同上
第二点:known和begun平行共同修饰Roman Colosseum,细心的同学会发现,是不是这样意思就不对啦?不能说Roman Colosseum被开始,right?
第三点:如果没有发现第二点的同学,没有关系,我们会发现末尾有it,这个错误很明显—主语重复,所以D也可以排除掉了。
E.officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, which was begun in A.D. 69, during the reign of Vespasian, and
对比DE区别同样在于which was部分
第一点:D中的and begun 变成which was begun,根据which的修饰原则(优先就近修饰),修饰前面的Flavian Amphitheater,是不是逻辑意思错误,应该是construction began。
第二点:末尾出现and ,这里的问题是不是和B中的问题是一样的
所以E选项就可以排除掉了
最后正确答案C就可以选出来了。
很多同学会说,老师这样做题会不会太慢了。老师只是尽可能详细的展示做题的这个步骤,同学们通过不断的练习,会很快选出正确答案。
现在大家可以反思一下,做不对题目是真的语法方面的漏洞,还是做题方法不对。
最后祝大家考试中考的全会,蒙选的全对
作者简介:
张馨月,北京新东方GMAT语法老师,精英计划规划师; 大学期间经历专业英语外教培训1年; 并且有多年备考TOEFL和GMAT的经验; 教学期间多次参与教研和讲义的更新;
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