GMAT考试作为美国商学院研究生入学考试,与托福最大的不同就在于GMAT并非是以考察语言能力为目的的测试,而是旨在考察同学们的逻辑思维能力。所以在应对GMAT阅读时同学们应该先打好语言基础(具备托福核心词汇量以及长难句分析的能力),然后再进一步去学习GMAT文章分析和解题能力。通过GMAC最新发布的2016版OG,我们从新增文章中发现GMAT整体阅读趋势还是在难度上有所增加的,尤其是在文章逻辑结构上。很多文章本身句子并不难读,但是句子功能和整体文章意图就是很难把握。下面我们就具体看一篇GMAT 16版OG的新增题目:
大家可以先自己尝试做一下,再研读后面的解析:
文章节选:
It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars. Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenth-century political theorist Robert Filmer— a patriarchalism that equate family and kingdom and assets the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women’s rational and moral equality with men. Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differenceds between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women’s political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.
题目节选:
OG-16-RC96:
The author of the passage refers to Robert Filmer (underlined) primarily in order to
A. show that Royalist ideology was somewhat more radical than most historians appear to realize
B. qualify the claim that patriarchalism formed the basisi of Royalist ideology
C. question the view that most early feminists were associated with the Royalist faction
D. highlight an apparent tension between Royalist ideology and the ideas of early feminists
E. argue that Royalists held conflicting opinions on issues of family organization and women’s political rights
OG16-RC97
The passage suggests which of the following about the seventeenth-century English women mentioned in line 2?
A. Their status as forerunners of modern feminism is not entirely justified.
B. They did not openly challenge the radical patriarchalism of Royalist Filmerian ideology.
C. Cavendish was the first among these women to criticize women’s subordination in marriage and assert women’s equality with men.
D. Their views on family organization and women’s political rights were diametrically opposed to those of both Royalist and Parliamentarian ideology.
E. Historians would be less puzzled if more of them were identified with the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars.
这两个题目的答案分别为D和E,看到答案相信很多同学都大跌眼镜,因为答案并非原文的直接信息。还有很多同学看了题目之后就会觉得很难下手,甚至不知道题目为什么要这么问。这也就说明大家之前做阅读理解方式不再适用于GMAT RC 了。那应该怎么分析呢?我们一起来看一下:
第一句:
It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars.
第一段:
第一句逻辑简图:
An odd fact:feminism = R ≠P
第二句:Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenth-century political theorist Robert Filmer— a patriarchalism that equate family and kingdom and assets the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women’s rational and moral equality with men.
解析:看到打头的since, 我们可以意识到,在行文逻辑上作者要开始给解释了,那具体解释什么呢?我们先来看到主句,主句说historians puzzled,应该意识到puzzle跟首句的odd是对应的。所以我们就明确了本句是想解释首句提到的那个fact为什么是odd或者puzzled。
第二句逻辑简图:
R = patri → “feminism=R” :odd/puzzled
(kingdom & male head) (女权主义)
第三句:Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differenceds between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women’s political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.
解析:这句话出现文章难点,不知道各位看官有没有读出本句话的功能以及最后哪个转折的目的?
文章之前有提到说”feminism=R” 是奇怪的,原因是R=patri 而patri强调的是男性权利。所以本句就出现了一群历史学家在质疑很有可能R跟patri其实不是真的相同,而且P和R也什么不同。如果真的是这样的话,我们就会预期feminists 在R和P中等分的。很显然这与事实是不相符的。因此这个转折就否定了本句的historian,从而说明R=patri 是不能被质疑的。
第三句逻辑简图:
历: × R=patri
↑
×
OG-16-RC96:
The author of the passage refers to Robert Filmer (underlined) primarily in order to
A. show that Royalist ideology was somewhat more radical than most historians appear to realize
B. qualify the claim that patriarchalism formed the basisi of Royalist ideology
C. question the view that most early feminists were associated with the Royalist faction
D. highlight an apparent tension between Royalist ideology and the ideas of early feminists
E. argue that Royalists held conflicting opinions on issues of family organization and women’s political rights
解析:
首先看到题干中最后的in order to可以先判断出来是目的题,我们总在强调目的题本质考察的是句内句间关系。那么我们回归到句内句间关系上。题目问的RF是在文章第二句。通过我们之前对文章的分析,我们知道第二句的功能是在解释为什么第一句描述的现象是odd的。所以答案应该是D:强调R和feminists之间的敌意(与odd/puzzled对应)
OG16-RC97
The passage suggests which of the following about the seventeenth-century English women mentioned in line 2?
A. Their status as forerunners of modern feminism is not entirely justified.
B. They did not openly challenge the radical patriarchalism of Royalist Filmerian ideology.
C. Cavendish was the first among these women to criticize women’s subordination in marriage and assert women’s equality with men.
D. Their views on family organization and women’s political rights were diametrically opposed to those of both Royalist and Parliamentarian ideology.
E. Historians would be less puzzled if more of them were identified with the Parliamentarian side in the English Civil Wars.
解析:
细节题。我们总在强调细节题的本质就是压缩定位范围。通过定位,我们发现本题问的English women 就是那群feminism的forerunner。所以正确答案是E。但是要注意的是E是把文章内容进行了一个双重否定:原文说feminism=R所以非常奇怪;正确选项改写为 如果feminism=P那么就不会那么令人困惑。这样的改写是可以接受的。
通过我们对最新文章的分析,大家应该能够切身感受到熟练掌握GMAT文章结构的分析方法的重要性:不断去思考句内概念间的关系、句子和句子之间的关系、每个句子在文章中起到的功能、段落间关系和文章中作者的态度。同时,同学们还应该学会Active Reading——合理预期句间关系进而进一步判断行文方向,从而有目标的进行后文的阅读,牢牢把握住文章整体行文思路和逻辑关系。
为了帮助同学们更高效的备考GMAT,我们的课程也做了更进一步的升级。我们对GMAT阅读所需要大家具备的能力进行了科学地划分:句内阅读,句间关系判断与验证,段落分层,段落关系及对文章主旨的把握能力。并且对每一项能力点都设计匹配了更加有针对性的练习。同时,对于解题方面,我们也进行了详细的拆分,更加有助于同学们的学习和正确率的提高。
教师介绍:闫晨晨,毕业于对外经济贸易大学金融工程专业。熟悉北美留学考试的本质,对其出题思路有着深刻的理解,擅长教授GRE/GMAT阅读及GRE填空。课上风格风趣易懂,并喜欢把文章阅读及解题思路都进行量化,达到学生的可操作性及实用性。同时,善于引导学生,发现学生做题中存在的问题、有针对性的解决并加以跟踪和强化;还可以帮助学生做时间规划,同时分享备考经验及出国申请经验。
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