V1
写的是L这个地方有两种恐龙化石,说明同一时期有两个不同种类的化石在L生活过。
第二段开头however反驳,说不太可能是同一时期不同两种都在这个地方生活。可能他们是不同的时间,或者是统一种类,这些恐龙会同类竞争食物什么 的。举例了africa的一个什么地方也有大型食肉动物,但是L比Africa这个地方小很多,所以不太可能是同一时间有那么多恐龙一起。
第三段又反驳了第二段,说是可能的,做了什么研究时间是一样的,另外虽然L地方小,但是有更丰富的食物资源所以有可能养活这么多恐龙。
V2
阅读有讲什么恐龙在北美和非洲的考古发现 - 应该是环境好食物充足所以地方小也有两个物种在北美。
V3 (V35)
超级长,一屏半,
P1. 先说北美洲多少多少年前不叫北美,叫L(Lameria之类的),然后L这个地方又分成南L和北L,后面失忆了……
P2.一个人跳出来说有一种可能就是南北气候不一样,所以他俩不一样,不是一家的。然后这个被否了,又一个人说气候不一样肯定不是原因,因为这种大恐龙因为个子太大了所以捕食range范围很广,而L又很小,所以……
P3.有一种可能是其实他俩就是一种恐龙,什么same community之类的。但是瞬间被否了,因为发现了新的volcaic fossil说明他俩绝对绝对不是一个种的。然后又说感觉不迁徙也不太可能,因为非洲那么老大,也只有16种大型哺乳动物。(这块有个题是问如果XX成真 的话,作者支持啥,支持至少有一种哺乳动物体型比大恐龙苗条)
P4.然后最后作者说了,北美洲其实因为气候好,恐龙吃饱了不用瞎溜达。所以有两个系列同时发展了。
V4
北美的一个地方的恐龙化石考古,就是说L这个地方有north L和sourth L分别发现了一种恐龙化石,他们可能来自于similar species,整篇就关于这个东西到底来不来自同一个L,还举了个例子说非洲有同样的大量那种种族,不过L那个地方没非洲大,而且L那里的恐龙是肉食动 物还比非洲的那个种族大只所以不可能。 第二段开头说skeptist(后面有问文章那里支持他们的观点,目测答案在第三段)说他们(恐龙)有可能来自同一个地方但是不同的时间什么的。
北美和非洲的恐龙考古
第一段:
很多年前北美(Lameria),L这个地方又分成south L和north L。科学家发现,南边出土的化石和北面出土的化石虽然都是大恐龙化石,但这俩不是同一个物种。Why?
第二段:
有人认为,这可能是南北气候不一样,所以这两个物种不一样。然后,这个解释被否定了,因为这种大恐龙因为个子太大了,所以捕食range范围很广,而L又很小,所以恐龙肯定会跑来跑去的,即使再不一样恐龙也能迁徙。
第三段:
Some skeptics say(有题),有一种可能是其实这两种恐龙就是同种类的恐龙。但这种解释也被否了,因为新发现的volcaic fossil说明两个地方的恐龙不是同一种类的。然后,又说感觉不迁徙也不太可能,因为非洲那么大,也只有16种大型哺乳动物,而L地方这么小却有20种 大恐龙,这是不科学的。(有题)
第四段:
作者观点,北美洲其实因为气候好,吃的多,恐龙吃饱了不用瞎溜达。所以,有两个物种同时进化了。
其次为了帮助考生在短期内记住阅读机经的内容,点题班上我会将机经内容做成精简版,帮考生提炼出文章的逻辑结构。参考如下:
最后,为了帮助考生在考前有针对性地练习一些阅读文章,点题班上我会选取一些与机经内容相关的文章,以供考生课下练习。
文章节选如下:
Scientists studying the physiology of dinosaurs have long debated whether dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded. Those who suspect they were warm-blooded point out that dinosaur bone is generally fibro-lamellar in nature; because fibro-lamellar bone is formed quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are laid down haphazardly. Consistent with their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded animals, such as birds and mammals, tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone, whereas reptiles, which are slow-growing and cold-blooded, generally produce bone in which fibrils are laid down parallel to each other. Moreover, like the bone of birds and mammals, dinosaur bone tends to be highly vascularized, or filled with blood vessels. These characteristics, first recognized in the 1930’s, were documented in the 1960’s by de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized, fibro-lamellar bone in several groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s, Bakker cited these characteristics as evidence for the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged caution, arguing for an intermediate type of dinosaur physiology, a generation of paleontologists has come to believe that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike. In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s contention began to be questioned, as a number of scientists found growth rings in the bones of various dinosaurs that are much like those in modern reptiles. Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in nature, producing a series of concentric rings in the bone, not unlike the growth rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy investigated the bones of two dinosaurs from the early Jurassic period (208-187 million years ago), and found that these bones also had growth rings; however, they were also partially fibro-lamellar in nature. Chinsamy’s work raises a question central to the debate over dinosaur physiology: did dinosaurs form fibro-lamellar bone because of an innately high metabolic rate associated with warm-bloodedness or because of periods of unusually fast growth that occurred under favorable environmental conditions? (Although modern reptiles generally do not form fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodilesraised under optimal environmental conditions do.) This question remains unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence into account, one cannot make a definitive statement about dinosaur physiology on the basis of dinosaur bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an intermediate pattern of bone structure because their physiology was neither typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.
GWD-9-Q33 G-9-Q33:
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was
A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès
B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers
C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time
D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists
E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy
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GWD-9-Q34 G-9-Q34:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. discuss the influence on other scientists of Bakker’s argument concerning the warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs
B. provide evidence that supports the claim that dinosaurs were cold-blooded
C. challenge the contention that dinosaur bone tissue is innately fibro-lamellar
D. evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warmbloodedness of dinosaurs
E. resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of dinosaur physiology
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GWD-9-Q35 G-9-Q35:
According to the passage, the discovery of growth rings in the bones of certain dinosaurs served to undermine which of the following claims?
A. That modern reptiles are related to dinosaurs
B. That bone growth in dinosaurs was periodic in nature
C. That dinosaurs were warm-blooded
D. That dinosaurs had an intermediate type of physiology
E. That fibro-lamellar bone is the product of a rapid growth rate
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GWD-9-Q36 G-9-Q36:
The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most likely in order to
A. provide support for the argument that reptiles are not related to dinosaurs
B. undermine the claim that most reptiles are slow-growing
C. offer an explanation as to why juvenile crocodiles differ from most modern reptiles
D. suggest the juvenile crocodiles have a type of physiology intermediate between-f mammals and that of reptiles
E. suggest that the presence of fibro-lamellar bone does not resolve the debate over dinosaur physiology